PNST क्या होता है

Chapter 1 – Electric charge and field introduction, Electric charge, conductor and insulator, Basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb law, Force between multiple charges, Electric field, Electric field lines, Electric flux, Electric dipole, Dipole in uniform external field, Continuous charge distribution Gauss law, application of Gauss law

Chapter 2- Electrostatic potential and capacitance-Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to point charge, potential due to electric dipole, potential due to system of charges, equipotential surface, potential energy of system of charges, potential energy in the external field, conductor electrostatics, Dielectric and polarization, capacitor and capacitance, parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in capacitor

Chapter 3- Current electricity – Introduction, electric current, Electric current in conductors, Ohm’s law, Drift of electrons and origin of resistance, limitations of Ohm’s law, resistivity of different materials, dependence of resistivity on temperature, electrical energy, power, cell, Electromolive force (emf), internal resistance, cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge

Chapter 4- Moving charge and magnetism, introduction, magnetic force, motion in magnetic field, magnetic field due to a electric current component, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circular law, solenoid, two parallel electric currents. Force between to parallel currents – ampere currents, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, moving coil galvanometer.

Chapter 5- Magnetism and Matter-introduction, Rod/Bar Magnets, Magnetism and Gauss Law, Magnetization and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials.

Chapter 6- Electromagnetic induction-introduction, Faraday and Henry’s experiments, magnetic flux, Faraday’s law of induction, Lange’s law and energy conservation, kinetic emf, inductance, alternating current generator.

Chapter 7-Alternating Current-introduction, ac voltage applied on a resistor, representation of current and voltage by rotational vector-phasors, ac voltage applied to an inductor, ac voltage applied to a capacitor, ac voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, power in ac circuits: Power coefficient transformer.

Chapter 8-Electromagnetic Wave-introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic
Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum

Chapter 9-Ray Optics and Optical Instruments – Introduction, Reflection of light by spherical mirrors, Refraction, Total internal reflection, Refraction by spherical surfaces and lenses, Refraction in prisms, Optical instruments

Chapter 10- Wave optic-introduction, Huygens’ principle, refraction and
reflection of plane waves using Huygens’ principle, phase-related and
phase-unrelated addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young’s
experiment, diffraction, polarization

Chapter 11- Dual nature of radiation and matter – introduction, electron emission,

experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave
theory of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: energy quantum of
radiation, particulate nature of light: photon. wave nature of matter.

Chapter 12- Atom-introduction, alpha particle scattering and Rutherford nuclear model
of atom, atomic spectrum, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, line spectrum of
hydrogen atom. Explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization by de-Broglie

Chapter 13- Nucleus – introduction, atomic mass and structure of nucleus, size of

nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear bond- energy, nuclear force, radioactivity,
nuclear energy

Chapter 14- Semiconductor Electronics – Material Devices and Simple Circuits – Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Base Semiconductors, Impurity Semiconductors, p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode, Application of Junction Diode as a rectifier.